4 of 4 · Madinah · d. 61 AH / 680 CE · Madinah
Umm Salamah — Hind bint Abi Umayyah رضي الله عنها
A Verse for Women, and the Last of the Mothers
Umm Salamah was not shy to ask. She once said to the Prophet ﷺ that she heard men mentioned in the Qur'an but not women. Not long after, she heard him calling from the pulpit, reciting the verse that names women alongside men in every virtue: ﴿إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ (“Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women…”) ending with Allah's promise of forgiveness and a great reward for all of them (33:35).
In the decades after the Prophet ﷺ died, her house in Madinah became a place people came to learn. She narrated a large number of hadith, and Companions and the generation after them asked her about the Prophet's ﷺ practice at home, about prayer, fasting and family life. Her judgement was trusted, as it had been at Hudaybiyyah.
She outlived all the other wives of the Prophet ﷺ, and lived to hear of the killing of his grandson al-Husayn at Karbala', which grieved her deeply. She died in Madinah, in her eighties by most accounts, and was buried in al-Baqi'. With her passing, the last of the Mothers of the Believers was gone.
Umm Salamah's question opened a verse that has reassured believing women ever since; sincere questions are part of seeking knowledge.
What question about your faith have you been hesitant to ask, and whom could you ask it of?
- Qur'an 33:35
- Qur'an 3:195
- Musnad Ahmad (hadith of Umm Salamah)Grade not recorded here
- al-Nasa'i, al-Sunan al-KubraHistorical report
- Jami' al-Tirmidhi, Kitab Tafsir al-Qur'anGrade not recorded here
- al-Dhahabi, Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'Historical report
- Ibn Hajar, al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-SahabahHistorical report
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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