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Waraqah ibn Nawfal
A Seeker in Makkah
Waraqah was the son of Nawfal ibn Asad ibn 'Abd al-'Uzza of Quraysh, and Khadijah bint Khuwaylid ibn Asad was his first cousin. He lived in a city of idols, but he could not accept them.
Ibn Ishaq reports that on a festival day, while Quraysh gathered around one of their idols, four men quietly agreed that their people had lost the religion of their father Ibrahim: Waraqah ibn Nawfal, 'Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh, 'Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith and Zayd ibn 'Amr ibn Nufayl. Each went his own way in search of the truth.
Waraqah became a Christian and devoted himself to the earlier scriptures. 'A'ishah describes him in Sahih al-Bukhari as a man who had become a Christian before Islam, who wrote in Hebrew script and copied from the Gospel as much as Allah willed. In Sahih Muslim's version of the same report, he wrote it in Arabic. By the time the revelation came, he was an old man who had lost his sight.
Waraqah would not settle for what everyone around him accepted. A sincere search for the truth is a door Allah opens.
Is there anything you hold only because those around you hold it, without ever having looked into it?
- Sahih al-Bukhari 3 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Sahih Muslim 160 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (the four who sought the religion of Ibrahim)Historical report
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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