3 of 4 · c. 6–7 AH · Abyssinia
Al-Najashi (Ashamah)
A Believer in Abyssinia
The emigrants lived under the Negus's protection for years, and he came to believe in the Prophet ﷺ. Ibn Ishaq and other biographers report his acceptance of Islam, and the Prophet ﷺ himself would later call him "your brother" and "a righteous servant of Allah". A report in Sunan Abi Dawud has him saying, "I bear witness that he is the Messenger of Allah, and that he is the one whose coming 'Isa son of Maryam foretold" (Sunan Abi Dawud 3205), though its chain is weak.
When Umm Habibah bint Abi Sufyan was widowed in Abyssinia, the Negus married her to the Prophet ﷺ on his behalf, paid her dowry of four thousand from his own wealth, and sent her to Madinah with Shurahbil ibn Hasanah (Sunan Abi Dawud 2107).
Around the time of Khaybar, the last of the emigrants, Ja'far among them, sailed home from his land together with Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and his people, whose ship had carried them to the Negus (Sahih al-Bukhari 4230). They had found in Abyssinia exactly what the Prophet ﷺ had promised: a land where no one was wronged.
The Negus could not leave his kingdom to join the Prophet ﷺ, so he served Islam from where he stood. Faith shows itself in what we do with the place Allah has put us in.
What can you do for the truth from exactly where you are now?
- Sunan Abi Dawud 3205 Graded by Al-Albani: Daif Isnaad · Muhammad Muhyi Al-Din Abdul Hamid: Daif Isnaad · Zubair Ali Zai: DaifDa'if
- Sunan Abi Dawud 2107 Graded by Al-Albani: Sahih · Muhammad Muhyi Al-Din Abdul Hamid: Sahih · Zubair Ali Zai: DaifSahih
- Sahih al-Bukhari 4230 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Sahih Muslim 1774 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah al-NabawiyyahHistorical report
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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