6 of 10 · Rabi' al-Akhir 11 AH · 632 CE · Al-Jurf, outside Madinah
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq رضي الله عنه
A Banner the Prophet ﷺ Tied
Before his illness the Prophet ﷺ had put Usamah ibn Zayd, still a young man, in command of an army bound for the Byzantine frontier, near the land where Usamah's father had fallen at Mu'tah. Some objected to his youth, and the Prophet ﷺ answered that they had objected to his father's command before, and that Usamah, like his father, was fit for it (Sahih al-Bukhari 3730). The army camped at al-Jurf, but the Prophet's ﷺ illness held it back.
Now tribes across Arabia were wavering, and some were openly turning away. Many urged the new caliph to keep the army at home to guard Madinah, and some of the Ansar asked, through 'Umar, for an older commander. The historians report Abu Bakr's answer: he would not untie a banner the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had tied, even if wild beasts were to carry off the people of Madinah.
He went out on foot beside the army. Usamah, mounted, asked him either to ride or to let him dismount; Abu Bakr refused both, saying there was no harm in his feet being dusty for an hour in the path of Allah. He asked Usamah's permission to keep 'Umar with him in Madinah, and Usamah gave it. The army returned safely after some weeks, and tribes that had seen Madinah send out an army at such a moment thought twice before attacking it.
Abu Bakr's first test as leader was whether he would keep the Prophet's ﷺ word when it was costly; he kept it, and that loyalty became a strength.
Is there a commitment you made in calmer times that you are tempted to drop now that it has become hard?
- Sahih al-Bukhari 3730Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-MulukHistorical report
- Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah wa al-NihayahHistorical report
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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